线程通信

• wait () 与 notify() 和 notifyAll

  wait()：令当前线程挂起并放弃CPU、同步资源并等待，使别的线程可访问并修改共享资源，而当前线程排队等候其他线程调用notify() 或 notifyAll() 方法唤醒，唤醒后等待重新获得对监视器的所有权后才能继续执行
  notify()：唤醒正在排队等待同步资源的线程中优先级最高者结束等待
  notifyAll()：唤醒正在排队等待资源的所有线程结束等待

• 这三个方法只有在 synchronized 方法或 synchronized 代码块中才能使用，否则会报java.lang.IllegalMonitorStateException 异常。
• 因为这三个方法必须有锁对象调用，而任意对象都可以作为 synchronized 的同步锁，因此这三个方法只能在 Object 类中声明

class Number implements Runnable{
    private int number = 1;
    private Object obj = new Object();
    @Override
    public void run() {

        while(true){

            synchronized (obj) {
                obj.notify();
                if(number <= 100){
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(10);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":" + number);
                    number++;

                    try {
                        //使得调用如下wait()方法的线程进入阻塞状态
                        obj.wait();
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }

                }else{
                    break;
                }
            }

        }

    }
}


public class CommunicationTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Number number = new Number();
        Thread t1 = new Thread(number);
        Thread t2 = new Thread(number);

        t1.setName("线程1");
        t2.setName("线程2");

        t1.start();
        t2.start();
    }
}

生产者消费者案例

class Clerk{
    private int productCount = 0;
    //生产产品
    public synchronized void produceProduct() {
        if(productCount < 20){
            productCount++;
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":开始生产第" + productCount + "个产品");

            notify();

        }else{
            //等待
            try {
                wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

    }
    //消费产品
    public synchronized void consumeProduct() {
        if(productCount > 0){
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":开始消费第" + productCount + "个产品");
            productCount--;

            notify();
        }else{
            //等待
            try {
                wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

    }
}

class Producer extends Thread{//生产者
    private Clerk clerk;
    public Producer(Clerk clerk) {
        this.clerk = clerk;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println(getName() + ":开始生产产品.....");
        while(true){
            try {
                Thread.sleep(10);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            clerk.produceProduct();
        }

    }
}

class Consumer extends Thread{//消费者
    private Clerk clerk;
    public Consumer(Clerk clerk) {
        this.clerk = clerk;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println(getName() + ":开始消费产品.....");

        while(true){
            try {
                Thread.sleep(20);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            clerk.consumeProduct();
        }
    }
}

public class ProductTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Clerk clerk = new Clerk();

        Producer p1 = new Producer(clerk);
        p1.setName("生产者1");

        Consumer c1 = new Consumer(clerk);
        c1.setName("消费者1");
        Consumer c2 = new Consumer(clerk);
        c2.setName("消费者2");

        p1.start();
        c1.start();
        c2.start();

    }
}